Eagle Talon Bird

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Eagle

Jump to navigation Jump to search This article is about the bird. For different makes use of, see Eagle (disambiguation) and Eagles (disambiguation).

Eagle Bald eagle Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae Species

See text.

Eagle is the average identify for lots of massive birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. Eagles belong to a number of groups of genera, a few of which might be carefully comparable. Most of the 60 species of eagle are from Eurasia and Africa.[1] Outside this house, just 14 species can also be found—2 in North America, Nine in Central and South America, and 3 in Australia.

Eagles don't seem to be a natural workforce, however denote necessarily any bird of prey large enough to seek sizeable (about 50 cm long or more overall) vertebrate prey.

Description

Eagles are huge, powerfully constructed birds of prey, with heavy heads and beaks. Even the smallest eagles, such as the booted eagle (Aquila pennata), which is comparable in size to a not unusual buzzard (Buteo buteo) or red-tailed hawk (B. jamaicensis), have rather longer and more frivolously wide wings, and more direct, faster flight – in spite of the lowered size of aerodynamic feathers. Most eagles are larger than some other raptors with the exception of some vultures. The smallest species of eagle is the South Nicobar serpent eagle (Spilornis klossi), at 450 g (1 lb) and 40 cm (16 in). The biggest species are mentioned underneath. Like all birds of prey, eagles have very massive hooked beaks for ripping flesh from their prey, strong, muscular legs, and robust talons. The beak is generally heavier than that of maximum different birds of prey. Eagles' eyes are extraordinarily robust. It is estimated that the martial eagle, whose eye is greater than twice as long as a human eye, has a visible acuity 3.Zero to a few.6 instances that of humans. This acuity permits eagles to spot possible prey from an excessively long distance.[2] This prepared eyesight is basically attributed to their extremely huge pupils which make sure minimum diffraction (scattering) of the incoming light. The feminine of all identified species of eagles is bigger than the male.[3][4]

Eagles generally build their nests, called eyries, in tall bushes or on high cliffs. Many species lay two eggs, but the older, better chick frequently kills its more youthful sibling once it has hatched. The dominant chick has a tendency to be a feminine, as they are larger than the male. The oldsters take no motion to stop the killing.[5][6]

Due to the size and tool of many eagle species, they're ranked on the best of the meals chain as apex predators within the avian global. The form of prey varies by genus. The Haliaeetus and Ichthyophaga eagles like to capture fish, though the species in the former frequently capture quite a lot of animals, particularly different water birds, and are robust kleptoparasites of alternative birds. The snake and serpent eagles of the genera Circaetus, Terathopius, and Spilornis predominantly prey at the great range of snakes discovered within the tropics of Africa and Asia. The eagles of the genus Aquila are regularly the highest birds of prey in open habitats, taking almost any medium-sized vertebrate they are able to catch. Where Aquila eagles are absent, different eagles, such because the buteonine black-chested buzzard-eagle of South America, might assume the placement of best raptorial predator in open areas. Many different eagles, including the species-rich genus Spizaetus, live predominantly in woodlands and wooded area. These eagles frequently target quite a lot of arboreal or ground-dwelling mammals and birds, which are often unsuspectingly ambushed in such dense, knotty environments. Hunting tactics range a number of the species and genera, with some individual eagles having engaged in rather varied ways based on their setting and prey at any given time. Most eagles grasp prey with out touchdown and take flight with it, so the prey can be carried to a perch and torn aside.[7]

The bald eagle is noted for having flown with the heaviest load verified to be carried by any flying bird, since one eagle flew with a 6.8 kg (15 lb) mule deer fawn.[8] However, a couple of eagles might target prey considerably heavier than themselves; such prey is too heavy to fly with, thus it's either eaten at the website of the kill or taken in pieces back to a perch or nest. Golden and crowned eagles have killed ungulates weighing as much as 30 kg (66 lb) and a martial eagle even killed a 37 kg (82 lb) duiker, 7–8 instances heavier than the preying eagle.[7][9] Authors on birds David Allen Sibley, Pete Dunne, and Clay Sutton described the behavioral distinction between looking eagles and other birds of prey thus (on this case the bald and golden eagles as compared to different North American raptors):[10]

They have a minimum of one singular characteristic. It has been observed that the majority birds of prey look again over their shoulders before hanging prey (or shortly thereafter); predation is in spite of everything a two-edged sword. All hawks appear to have this addiction, from the smallest kestrel to the most important Ferruginous – however now not the Eagles.

Among the eagles are one of the most largest birds of prey: only the condors and probably the most Old World vultures are markedly higher. It is frequently debated which should be thought to be the biggest species of eagle. They might be measured variously in general period, body mass, or wingspan. Different way of life wishes amongst various eagles result in variable measurements from species to species. For instance, many forest-dwelling eagles, together with the very large harpy eagle, have reasonably short wingspans, a characteristic vital for with the ability to maneuver in quick, brief bursts through densely forested habitats.[7] Eagles within the genus Aquila, although found almost strictly in open country, are superlative soarers, and feature quite long wings for their length.[7]

These lists of the top 5 eagles are based on weight, length, and wingspan, respectively. Unless otherwise famous through reference, the figures indexed are the median reported for each size in the information Raptors of the World[11] by which only measurements which may be in my view verified by means of the authors have been indexed.[7]

Rank Common title Scientific title Body mass 1 Steller's sea eagle Haliaeetus pelagicus 6.7 kg (14 3⁄4 lb) 2 Philippine eagle Pithecophaga jefferyi 6.35 kg (14 lb) 3 Harpy eagle Harpia harpyja 5.95 kg (13 lb) 4 White-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla 4.8 kg (10 1⁄2 lb)[12]5 Martial eagle Polemaetus bellicosus 4.6 kg (10 1⁄4 lb)[12]Rank Common identify Scientific identify Total length 1 Philippine eagle Pithecophaga jefferyi 100 cm (3 feet 3 in)[13]2 Harpy eagle Harpia harpyja 98.5 cm (3 ft 3 in) 3 Wedge-tailed eagle Aquila audax 95.5 cm (3 toes 2 in) 4 Steller's sea eagle Haliaeetus pelagicus 95 cm (3 ft 1 in) 5 Crowned eagle Stephanoaetus coronatus 87.5 cm (2 toes 10 in) Rank Common identify Scientific name Median wingspan 1 White-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla 218.5 cm (7 toes 2 in) 2 Steller's sea eagle Haliaeetus pelagicus 212.5 cm (7 ft 0 in) 3 Wedge-tailed eagle Aquila audax 210 cm (6 ft 11 in)[14][15]4 Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos 207 cm (6 ft 9 in) 5 Martial eagle Polemaetus bellicosus 206.5 cm (6 toes 9 in)

Distribution

Australasian

Australia: wedge-tailed eagle (range extends into southern New Guinea), white-bellied sea-eagle (vary extends into Asia), little eagle. New Guinea: Papuan eagle, white-bellied sea-eagle, pygmy eagle.

Nearctic (USA and Canada): golden eagle (additionally present in Palearctic), bald eagle.

Neotropical (Central and South America): Spizaetus (4 species), solitary eagles (two spp.), harpy eagle, crested eagle, black-chested buzzard-eagle. Palearctic

Eurasia: Golden eagle,[16]White-tailed eagle.

Africa: African fish eagle

Groups

Eagles are frequently informally divided into 4 teams.[notice 1][18]

The snake eagles are placed in the subfamily Circaetinae. The fish eagles, booted eagles, and harpy eagles have traditionally been positioned in the subfamily Buteoninae along with the buzzard-hawks (buteonine hawks) and harriers. Some authors would possibly treat these teams as tribes of the Buteoninae; Lerner & Mindell[19] proposed setting apart the eagle groups into their very own subfamilies of Accipitridae.

Fish eagles

Sea eagles or fish eagles take fish as a big a part of their diets, either fresh or as carrion.

Proposed subfamily Haliaeetinae. Genera: Haliaeetus, Ichthyophaga.

Some authors include Gypohierax angolensis, the "vulturine fish eagle" (often known as the palm-nut vulture) on this staff.[18] However, genetic analyses point out it's related to a grouping of Neophron–Gypaetus–Eutriorchis (Egyptian vulture, bearded vulture (lammergeier), and Madagascan serpent eagle).[20]

The fish eagles have a close genetic courting with Haliastur and Milvus; the whole crew is only distantly related to the Buteo crew.[20]

Booted eagles For the species Hieraaetus pennatus (Aquila pennata), see booted eagle. Main article: Booted eagles Booted eagle, in flight.

Booted eagles or "true eagles"[18][21] have feathered tarsi (decrease legs).

Tribe Aquililae or proposed subfamily Aquilinae. Genera: Aquila, Hieraaetus; Spizaetus, Oroaetus, Spizastur; Nisaetus;[20]Ictinaetus, Lophoaetus; Polemaetus; and Stephanoaetus.[18][21]

See feedback beneath eagle species for changes to the composition of these genera.

Snake eagles

Snake or serpent eagles are, as the name suggests, tailored to searching reptiles.

Subfamily Circaetinae. Genera: Circaetus, Spilornis, Dryotriorchis, Terathopius.[18] Eutriorchis (subfamily Gypaetinae or Circaetinae).

Despite filling the niche of a snake eagle, genetic studies recommend that the Madagascan serpent eagle (Eutriorchis) is not associated with them.[20]

Harpy eagles

Harpy eagles[18] or "giant forest eagles"[17] are large eagles that inhabit tropical forests. The crew accommodates two to 6 species, depending at the creator. Although these birds occupy identical niches, and feature historically been grouped together, they are not all similar: the solitary eagles are associated with the black-hawks, and the Philippine eagle to the snake eagles.

Harpy eagles (proposed subfamily Harpiinae) Harpia harpyja, harpy eagle ― Central and South America. Morphnus guianensis, crested eagle ― Central and South America. Harpyopsis novaeguineae, Papuan eagle ― New Guinea. Philippine eagle Pithecophaga jefferyi, Philippine eagle ― Philippines. Solitary eagles Chaco eagle or crowned solitary eagle, Buteogallus (formerly Harpyhaliaetus) coronatus ― South America. Solitary eagle or montane solitary eagle, Buteogallus (previously Harpyhaliaetus) solitarius ― South America.

Species

Martial eagle in Namibia. Philippine eagle, Pithecophaga jefferyi in Southern Philippines. Wedge-tailed eagle in Australia. Eastern imperial eagle – in Israel

Major new analysis into eagle taxonomy suggests that the necessary genera Aquila and Hieraaetus are not composed of nearest family members, and it is most probably that a reclassification of these genera will soon happen, with some species being moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus.[19]

Bonelli's eagle and the African hawk-eagle had been moved from Hieraaetus to Aquila. Either the larger spotted eagle and lesser noticed eagle will have to move from Aquila to sign up for the long-crested eagle in Lophaetus, or, possibly better, all 3 of those species must move to Ictinaetus with the black eagle. The steppe eagle and tawny eagle, as soon as considered conspecific, aren't even each other's nearest family members.

Family Accipitridae

Main article: Accipitridae Subfamily Buteoninae – hawks (buzzards), true eagles and seaeagles Genus Geranoaetus Black-chested buzzard-eagle, Geranoaetus melanoleucus Genus Harpyhaliaetus Chaco eagle, Harpyhaliaetus coronatus Solitary eagle, H. solitarius Genus Morphnus Crested eagle, Morphnus guianensis Genus Harpia Harpy eagle, Harpia harpyja Genus Pithecophaga Philippine eagle, Pithecophaga jefferyi Genus Harpyopsis Papuan eagle, Harpyopsis novaeguineae Genus Spizaetus Black hawk-eagle, S. tyrannus Ornate hawk-eagle, S. ornatus Black-and-white hawk-eagle, S. melanoleucus – previously Spizastur Black-and-chestnut eagle, S. isidori – previously Oroaetus Genus Nisaetus – in the past integrated in Spizaetus Changeable hawk-eagle, N. cirrhatus Flores hawk-eagle N. floris – previous a subspecies, S. c. floris Sulawesi hawk-eagle, N. lanceolatus Mountain hawk-eagle, N. nipalensis Legge's hawk-eagle, Nisaetus kelaarti – in the past a race of S. nipalensis Blyth's hawk-eagle, N. alboniger Javan hawk-eagle, N. bartelsi (Northern) Philippine hawk-eagle, N. philippensis Pinsker's hawk-eagle (Southern Philippine hawk-eagle), Nisaetus pinskeri – previous S. philippensis pinskeri Wallace's hawk-eagle, N. nanus Genus Lophaetus Long-crested eagle, Lophaetus occipitalis – in all probability belongs in Ictinaetus Genus Stephanoaetus Crowned eagle, Stephanoaetus coronatus Malagasy topped eagle, Stephanoaetus mahery (extinct) Genus Polemaetus Martial eagle, Polemaetus bellicosus Genus Hieraaetus Ayres's hawk-eagle, H. ayresii Little eagle, H. morphnoides Pygmy eagle, H. weiskei – previously subspecies H. m. weiskei Booted eagle, H. pennatus Genus Harpagornis (extinct) Haast's eagle, †Harpagornis moorei – most likely belongs in either Hieraaetus or Aquila[22] Genus Lophotriorchis Rufous-bellied eagle, L. kienerii A steppe eagle in Lahore Zoo, Pakistan Genus Aquila Bonelli's eagle, Aquila fasciata – previously Hieraaetus fasciatus African hawk-eagle, A. spilogaster – formerly in Hieraaetus Cassin's hawk-eagle, A. africana – previously in Hieraaetus or Spizaetus genera Golden eagle, A. chrysaetos Eastern imperial eagle, A. heliaca Spanish imperial eagle A. adalberti Steppe eagle, A. nipalensis Tawny eagle, A. rapax Greater spotted eagle, A. clanga – to be moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus Lesser noticed eagle, A. pomarina – to be moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus Indian noticed eagle, A. hastata – to be moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus Verreaux's eagle, A. verreauxii Gurney's eagle, A. gurneyi Wahlberg's eagle, A. wahlbergi – to be moved to Hieraaetus Wedge-tailed eagle, A. audax Genus Ictinaetus Black eagle, Ictinaetus malayensis Genus Haliaeetus White-tailed eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla Bald eagle, H. leucocephalus Steller's sea eagle, H. pelagicus African fish eagle, H. vocifer White-bellied sea eagle, H. leucogaster Sanford's sea eagle, H. sanfordi Madagascar fish eagle, H. vociferoides Pallas' sea eagle, H. leucoryphus Genus Ichthyophaga Lesser fish eagle, Ichthyophaga humilis Grey-headed fish eagle, I. ichthyaetus Short-toed snake eagle in flight Subfamily Circaetinae: snake-eagles Genus Terathopius Bateleur, Terathopius ecaudatus Genus Circaetus Short-toed snake eagle, Circaetus gallicus Black-chested snake eagle, C. pectoralis Brown snake eagle, C. cinereus Fasciated snake eagle, C. fasciolatus Western banded snake eagle, C. cinerascens Genus Dryotriorchis Congo serpent eagle, D. spectabilis Genus Spilornis Crested serpent eagle, Spilornis cheela Central Nicobar serpent eagle, S. minimus (subspecies or species) Great Nicobar serpent eagle, S. klossi Mountain serpent eagle, S. kinabaluensis Sulawesi serpent eagle, S. rufipectus Philippine serpent eagle, S. holospilus Andaman serpent eagle, S. elgini Genus Eutriorchis Madagascar serpent eagle, Eutriorchis astur

In culture

Eagles, a Chinese Ming length painting. Located at the National Palace Museum Etymology

The trendy English term for the bird is derived from Latin: aquila by way of French: aigle. The foundation of aquila is unknown, however it's believed to perhaps derive from aquilus (which means dark-colored, swarthy, or blackish) as a reference to the plumage of eagles.

Old English used the term earn, related to Scandinavia's ørn/örn. It is very similar to different Indo-European terms for "bird" or "eagle", including Greek: ὄρνις (ornís), Russian: орёл (orël), and Welsh: eryr. In the southern a part of Finland, close to the Gulf of Finland, is the town of Kotka, which literally approach "eagle".

The sculpture of eagle at the best of the fountain at Plac Orła Białego in Szczecin, Poland

In Britain ahead of 1678, eagle referred specifically to the golden eagle, with the opposite local species, the white-tailed eagle, being known as erne. The modern name "golden eagle" for aquila chrysaetos used to be introduced by way of the naturalist John Ray.

Religion and folklore Representation of an eagle at Rio Carnival, 2014 Garuda, the Vahana of Lord Vishnu, depicted with an eagle's beak and wings

In historic Sumerian mythology, the mythical king Etana used to be stated to had been carried into heaven through an eagle.[23] Classical writers similar to Lucan and Pliny the Elder claimed that the eagle was ready to seem at once on the sun, and that they forced their fledglings to do the same. Those that blinked can be solid from the nest. This belief persevered until the Medieval era.[24]

The eagle is the shopper animal of the ancient Greek god Zeus. In particular, Zeus used to be said to have taken the type of an eagle so as to abduct Ganymede, and there are numerous artistic depictions of the eagle Zeus bearing Ganymede aloft, from Classical occasions as much as the prevailing (see illustrations in the Ganymede (mythology) page.)[25]

Psalm 103 (in Greek, Latin, and English) mentions renewing one's formative years "as the eagle" (even if the Hebrew phrase נשר apparently manner vulture). Augustine of Hippo offers a curious rationalization of this in his statement on the Psalms.[26]

The eagle is a common form within the Anglican tradition, incessantly used to beef up the Bible because of the symbolism of spreading the gospel over the arena. Additional symbolic meanings for "eagle" come with the pronouncements to the Israelites in Exodus 19:4; Psalms 103:5 and Isaiah 40:31. The United States eagle feather legislation stipulates that best individuals of certifiable Native American ancestry enrolled in a federally identified tribe are legally authorized to obtain eagle feathers for spiritual or non secular reasons.[27] In Canada, the poaching of eagle feathers for the booming U.S. market has on occasion resulted in the arrests of First Nations person for the crime.[28]

The Moche folks of historic Peru worshiped the eagle and continuously depicted eagles of their artwork.[29]

Heraldry Main article: Eagle (heraldry) Coat of Arms of Austria Coat of Arms of Kotka, Finland

Eagles are an exceptionally not unusual image in heraldry, being thought to be the "King of Birds" in contrast to the lion, the "King of Beasts". Whereas the lion (e.g. England) generally represents a kingdom, the eagle is symbolic for an empire. They are in particular standard in Germanic international locations akin to Austria, because of their association with the Holy Roman Empire. The eagle of the Holy Roman Empire used to be two-headed, supposedly representing the 2 divisions, East and West, of the old Roman Empire. This motif, derived from the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire was once additionally adopted by means of the Russian Empire and remains to be featured in the Flag of Albania. The Roman eagle used to be preceded by the eagle of Ptolemaic Egypt and the Achaemenid Empire. In the coat of arms of Kotka, Finland, the eagle is depicted sporting an anchor and the caduceus on its feet.

Heraldic eagles are most frequently found displayed, i.e. with their wings and legs prolonged. They can also happen close, i.e. with their wings folded, or emerging, i.e. about to take flight. The heads, wings, and legs of eagles can be discovered independently.

Notes

^ "There are four major groups of eagles: fish eagles, booted eagles, snake eagles and giant forest eagles."[17]

References

^ del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (editors). (1994). Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions. .mw-parser-output cite.quotationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"\"""\"""'""'".mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")correct 0.1em center/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:linear-gradient(transparent,clear),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")appropriate 0.1em heart/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .quotation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:linear-gradient(clear,clear),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")correct 0.1em middle/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:assist.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")appropriate 0.1em heart/12px no-repeat.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errorshow:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintshow:none;colour:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em.mw-parser-output .quotation .mw-selflinkfont-weight:inheritISBN 84-87334-15-6 ^ Shlaer, Robert (1972). "An Eagle's Eye: Quality of the Retinal Image" (PDF). Science. 176 (4037): 920–922. Bibcode:1972Sci...176..920S. doi:10.1126/science.176.4037.920. PMID 5033635. S2CID 8034443. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 November 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012. ^ Leclerc, Georges; Louis, Comte de Buffon (2010). The Natural History of Birds: From the French of the Count de Buffon; Illustrated with Engravings, and a Preface, Notes, and Additions, through the Translator. Cambridge University Press. pp. 60–. ISBN 978-1-108-02298-9. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016. ^ Grambo, Rebecca L. (2003). Eagles. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-89658-363-4. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. ^ Grambo, Rebecca L (2003). Eagles. Voyageur Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-89658-363-4. ^ Stinson, Christopher H (1979). "On the Selective Advantage of Fratricide in Raptors". Evolution. 33 (4): 1219–1225. doi:10.2307/2407480. JSTOR 2407480. PMID 28563923. ^ a b c d e Ferguson-Lees, J.; Christie, D. (2001). Raptors of the World. London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-8026-1. ^ "Amazing Bird Records". Trails.com. Archived from the unique on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2012. ^ Watson, Jeff (2011). The Golden Eagle (Second ed.). ISBN 978-0-30017-019-1. ^ Sutton, C.; Dunne, P.; Sibley, D. (1989). Hawks in Flight: The Flight Identification of North American Migrant Raptors. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-3955-1022-8. ^ Ferguson-Lees, et al.) ^ a b del Hoyo, J; Elliot, A; Sargatal, J (1996). Handbook of the Birds of the World. 3. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-20-2. ^ Gamauf, A.; Preleuthner, M. & Winkler, H. (1998). "Philippine Birds of Prey: Interrelations among habitat, morphology and behavior" (PDF). The Auk. 115 (3): 713–726. doi:10.2307/4089419. JSTOR 4089419. Archived (PDF) from the unique on 23 August 2014. ^ Morgan, A.M. "The spread and weight of the Wedge-tailed Eagle" (PDF). South Australian Ornithologist. 11: 156–157. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2013. ^ Wood, Gerald (1983). The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9. ^ "European Raptors: Golden Eagle". www.europeanraptors.org (in German). Archived from the unique on 7 May 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017. ^ a b Stalcup, Carolyn. "All About Eagles". The American Eagle Foundation. Archived from the unique on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2014. ^ a b c d e f Rutledge, Hope. "Eagles of the World". American Bald Eagle Information. Archived from the unique on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014. from Grambo, Rebecca L. (1999). Eagles. Voyageur Press, Inc. ^ a b Lerner, H. R. L.; Mindell, D. P. (2005). "Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (2): 327–346. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.010. PMID 15925523. ^ a b c d Lerner, Heather R. L.; Mindell, David P. (9 May 2006). "Accipitridae". The Tree of Life Web Project. Archived from the unique on 23 December 2014. ^ a b Bouglouan, Nicole. "The booted eagles throughout the world: introduction". Oiseaux-birds. Archived from the unique on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014. ^ Bunce, M.; et al. (2005). "Ancient DNA Provides New Insights into the Evolutionary History of New Zealand's Extinct Giant Eagle". PLOS Biol. 3 (1): e9. doi:10.1371/magazine.pbio.0030009. PMC 539324. PMID 15660162. ^ Horowitz, Wayne (1998). Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. pp. 43–59. ISBN 0-931464-99-4. Archived from the unique on 6 December 2017. ^ Badke, David. The Medieval Bestiary Archived 22 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine ^ Hutchinson, John (1749). Philosophical and Theological Works of the Late Truly Learned John Hutchinson. London, UK: James Hidges. p. 402. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. ^ Psalm 103 Archived 8 May 2015 on the Wayback Machine in Augustine's commentary. ^ Office of Law Enforcement. "National Eagle Repository". Mountain-Prairie Region. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 10 October 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2007. ^ Sin, Lena (30 April 2006). "Charges laid in eagle-poaching case". The Province. CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc. Archived from the unique on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2007. ^ Larco Herrera, Rafael and Berrin, Kathleen (1997) The Spirit of Ancient Peru Thames and Hudson, New York, ISBN 0500018022

External links

Look up eagle in Wiktionary, the loose dictionary. Wikiquote has quotations associated with: Eagles Wikisource has the textual content of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Eagle . Wikimedia Commons has media associated with Eagles.PBS Nature: Eagles Eagle footage on Oriental Bird Images Eagle videos on the Internet Bird Collection Web of the Conservation Biology Team-Bonelli's Eagle, of the University of Barcelona Decorah Eagles: 24/7 Live Webcam from The Raptor Resource Project EagleCAM: White-bellied Sea Eagles Live Webcam at Discovery Centre in Sydney, Australia "Eagle" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.vteSubfamily: ButeoninaeGenusSpecies (extinctions: † indicates a species showed to be extinct)Geranoaetus Black-chested buzzard-eagle Variable hawk White-tailed hawkButeo Common buzzard Eastern buzzard Himalayan buzzard Cape Verde buzzard Socotra buzzard Red-tailed hawk Long-legged buzzard Rough-legged buzzard Ferruginous hawk Red-shouldered hawk Broad-winged hawk Swainson's hawk Ridgway's hawk White-rumped hawk Short-tailed hawk White-throated hawk Galapagos hawk Gray hawk Zone-tailed hawk Hawaiian hawk Rufous-tailed hawk Mountain buzzard Madagascar buzzard Upland buzzard Red-necked buzzard Jackal buzzard Archer's buzzard Augur buzzardRupornis Roadside hawkParabuteo Harris's hawk White-rumped hawkButeogallus Rufous crab hawk Common black hawk Cuban black hawk Great black hawk Savanna hawkBusarellus Black-collared hawkLeucopternis White-browed hawk White-necked hawk Black-faced hawk Plumbeous hawk Barred hawk Slate-colored hawk Semiplumbeous hawkPseudastur Grey-backed hawk White hawk Mantled hawkKaupifalco Lizard buzzardButastur Rufous-winged buzzard Grasshopper buzzard White-eyed buzzard Grey-faced buzzardHarpyhaliaetus Chaco eagle Solitary eagle Eagle Buzzard Authority keep an eye on GND: 4141431-7 LCCN: sh85040377 MA: 2780985876 NARA: 10645076 NDL: 00574162 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eagle&oldid=1015536104"

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